Apparatus for interlacing yarns

ABSTRACT

Various embodiments of apparatus for interlacing yarn are disclosed wherein use is made of indentations or &#39;&#39;&#39;&#39;dimples&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39; in the yarn channel to create a turbulent reaction, thereby enhancing the turbulent action. Methods of use of the apparatus are also disclosed.

United States Patent 1 1 Griset, Jr.

Inventor:

11.8. C1. 28/1.4 Int. Cl DOZg l/l6 Field of Search 28/l.4, 72.12, 72.2 F;

57/34 B, 140 BO, 157 F References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3/1962 Swaney ..57/34 B 2/1965 Gonsalues ..28/l.4

[ July 16, 1974 3,379,002 4/1968 Rosenstein 28/].4 3,484,914 12/1969 Cierutti 28/l.4 3,509,709 5/1970 Tsuruta et all. 57/157 F 3,608,296 9/1971 Taylor 57/140 BY Primary ExaminerLouis K. Rimrodt Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Francis W. Young; Tom R. Vestal [57] ABSTRACT Various embodiments of apparatus for interlacing yarn are disclosed wherein use is made of indentations or dimples in the yarn channel to create a turbulent reaction, thereby enhancing the turbulent action. Methods of use of the apparatus are also disclosed.

9 Claims, 13 Drawing Figures PATENIEDJuu 6 m4 MEI10F4 INVENTOR.

ERNEST J. GRISET, JR. BY

ATTORNEY PATENTEDJUHBIHH 3.823.449

INVENTOR. ERNEST J. GRISET,JR.

' ATTORNEY PATENTEDMIEW 3,823,449

suns-nu INVENTOR.

ERNEST J. GRISET, JR.

ATTORNEY I PATENTEB-IH5|9T4 min-v4 FIG. 9

Flam

FNVEN'TOR. ERNEST J. GRISET, JR. BY

ATTORNEY 1 APPARATUS FOR INTERLACING YARNS The textile industry entered a new era in the early I I900s with the advent of rayon, the first successful There have been varied attempts at overcoming the deficiencies above. Included, and the subject of this invention, is the interlacing of a plurality of synthetic filaments together to impart a bulkiness to the combination of filaments, thereby imparting a greater softness of touch and greater covering power over the individual filaments.

US. Pat. No. 2,036,838 is an early example of the use of a fluid under pressure to impart bulkiness to man-made fibers. More recent representative samples are disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,167,847; 3,364,537; 3,417,445; 3,422,516; and 3,535,755. In operation a compressed fluid is forwarded eitheralong the axis of or transverse to the axis of a plurality of filaments in a confined area. The fluid is then expanded to create a violent interactionamong the filaments causing an interweaving or interlacing of the filaments.

It has also been found that ends of yarn may be joined together by utilizing this interlacing fluid action. Examples of this utilization are found in Gonsalves US. Pat. No. 3,273,330, for instance.

The basic interlacing apparatus utilizes a yarn channel through which yarn is passed, and an intersecting channel through which the pressurized fluid is passed into the yarn channel transversely. Interlacing devices wherein the pressured fluid is passed axially along the thread generally combine aspirating and/or drawing of the filaments with interlacing (see US. Pat. No. 3,186,155 above).

The present invention has found that a phenomena occurs which enhances the interlacing action occurring in a device if small indentations or dimples are placed in the yarn channel at the intersection of the fluid channel.

The phenomena and application of the same may be understood by the following description of the drawings attached: 1

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of one embodiment of the apparatus'showing the dimples" formed in the yarn channel;

FIG. 2 shows another embodiment in cross-sectional view;-

FIG. 3 is a sectional view along the yarn channel axis;

FIG. 3A is a sectional view along the yarn channel the invention as a splicing device;

2 FIG. 8 is another embodiment of the apparatus of the invention;

FIGS. 9 10 illustrate methodsof interlacing utilizing the apparatus of the invention; and

FIGS. 11 12 are two examples of interlaced yarn.

In FIG. 1 a circular yarn channel 4 of diamenter A and length C is contained in a body 1. A fluid channel 3 of diamemter B connects the yarn channel 4 with the thread channel 2 where fluid supply means (not shown) can be attached to the body. A dimple" 5 is formed in the yarn channel, preferably of the same diameter B as fluid channel 3, by extending the fluid channel downward to a plane parallel and substantially coadja cent the perimeter of the yarn channel 4 diametric from the fluid channel 3. The body 1 may be made of any suitable material resistant to yarn abrasion, either cast or machined. I

In FIG. 2 the interlacing device 6 is molded from a hard, abrasion-resistant, ceramic material. The fluid channel 8 intersects yarn channel 9 and extends across the yam channel to form the indentation l0 (similarly formed on the body half not shown). The indentation may also be formed as shown in FIG. 3. In FIG. 3A the indentations 10' and 11 are formed in the yarn channel by a right circular cylinder approximately the same diameter of the fluid channel and a conical frustrum intersecting a plane normal the fluid channel 8 and containing a line on theperimeter of the yarn channel diametric from the fluid channel. The interlacing device of FIG. 2 may be held by a fixture or jig to position and align the device in a yarn path, and to supply the device with a pressurized fluid.

In FIG. 4, shroud means 15 and 14 are attached to the yarn channel outlets of interlacing device 6 shown in FIG. 2. The shrouds have attached eye guides 12 and 13 in a manner to confine fluids escaping from the yarn channel and diffuse the fluids through representative apertures 16 and 17, thus creating a muffling effect of the intense sounds caused by the rapidly expanding fluids. Again, as in FIG. 2, the assembly of FIG. 4 may be adapted to a fixture (not shown) for aligning the device and supplying pressurized fluids to the same.

The device of FIG. 5 is similar to the interlacing device l of FIG. I, but with the addition of notch 18 the length of the yarn channel extending to the outer surface of the body. This embodiment may also have hood means 19 as shown in FIG. 6 to restrict the fluids which might escape along the notch 18. Notch 20 formed in the hood means 19 prevents interference with yarns in the yarn channel during operation.

The embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 5 7 are particularly useful for splicing ends of yarn together. In operation, the hood means 19 is adjusted so that two ends of yarn 25 and 26 may be positioned on guides 22 and 24 extending from support arms 21 and 23 as shown in FIG. 7. The two ends of yarn are fed through notch 18 into the yarn channel and hood means 19 is pressed downward into operating position. A pressured fluid from supply 31 is passed to the interlacing device along supply line 29 by opening valve 30. After exposure to the fluid for l to 4 seconds the yarn ends 25 and 26 are sufficiently interlaced so they will not separate. Ends 27 and 28 of the yarns 26 and 25 respectively may be trimmed after removing the yarns from the device.

FIG. 8 is an example of one particular embodiment of the invention in which a pressurized fluid comprising both a liquid and a gas may be used. The liquid may be saturated steam and the gas may be air. A container 32 of any suitable material with removable cover 33 contains eye guides 34 and 35. An interlacing device 1 of the present invention is mounted within the container in alignment with the eye guides 34 and 35. The fluid mixture from a supply 38 is directed to the interlacing device 1 along supply line 36 through control valve 37. Container 32 should be sufficient size to allow ample expansion of the fluid mixture. After expansion the residue liquid and gas are removed from container 32 along line 39. 7

FIGS. 9 and represent methods of interlacing that may be utilized. In FIG. 9, yarn 40 is withdrawn from package 41, through an eyelet guide 42 by feed rollers 43 and 44. Rollers 45 and 46 withdraw the yarn from feed rollers 43 and 44 at the desired yarn tension. Generally, a slight overfeed is desired from rollers 43 and 44 to create a bulkiness in the yarn. Eyelet guides 50 and 51 align the yarn 40 with the interlacing device 1, into which pressurized fluid is injected through supply line 52. (It is understood that any of the embodiments of the invention herein described may be used.) The interlaced yarn is then forwarded through eyelet guide 47 and wound into a package 49 by winding means 48.

In FIG. 10, three ends of yarn 40, 53, and 55 are withdrawn from packages 41, 54, and 56 through eyelet guide 42, and pass through a tension device 57. The yarns may then pass through an alignment guide 50 prior to passage through the interlacing device 1. The yarn 58 emerging from the interlacing device is a blend ofthe yarns 40, 53, and 55. Yarn 58 is then passed through to wind up in a package as in FIG. 9.

FIGS. 11 and 12 show the variety of yarns possible from use ofthis present invention. In FIG. 11, two ends of textile denier yarn are shown interlaced together using compressed air at 1.5 atmospheres. In FIG. 12, heavy denier yarn suitable for carpet construction is shown interlaced together using a mixture of saturated steam and air at 2.2 atmosphere. The nodal effect is similar throughout the length of the yarn. the length between nodes varying between to inch. and the ratio D/d between L2 to L6. The figure d" is found to be just slightly larger than the original yarn crosssectional diameter.

It has been found that the interlacing is further enhanced by chamfering the base of the indentation at an angle between 30 and 60, preferably 45. The axial dimension of the chamfer is preferably less than 1/5 the diameter of the circular cylinder fluid channel. Improved results occur when the yarn channel length is small relative to the yarn channel diamenter and both the yarn channel and fluid channel are of the same diameter, i.e., when A= B (FIG. 1) and H6 s A/C s EXAMPLE 1 Seven ends of 1040/68 feeder yarn were combined using the apparatus of FIG. 1 using 8 PSIG saturated steamv with air having a total pressure of 37 PSIG. The result was a single coherent strand having a total denier of 9100.

EXAMPLE 2 Three strands of 1230 denier feeder yarn were bulked using a mixture of steam and air. Steam pressure was 10 PSIG with the resulting total pressure of 35 PSIG. A single strand similar to FIG. 12 was formed, having a total denier of 39l 1.

EXAMPLE 3 An interlacing device similar to FIG. I was constructed with A/C V2 (FIG. I). A similar interlacing device was constructed, but without dimples. Similar feeder yarns of 2080 denier were passed through the devices under similar conditions. An increase of 37 percent in interlacing was noted in the FIG. 1 device by measuring the number of tangles per inches.

EXAMPLE 4 Two ends of 40/ I3 denier yarn were spliced together using the apparatus of FIG. 7. Fluid pressure was 40 PSIG air. The resultant splice was subjected to axial loading, and the strand separated on one end but did not separate at the splice.

EXAMPLE 5 Two ends of 2500/136 denier yarn were spliced together under 50 PSIG air pressure utilizing the apparatus of FIG. 7. The resulting splice was uniform and of the same approximate diameter of the yarn ends and could not be pulled apart.

EXAMPLE 6 The device of FIG. 4 was operated with 20 PSIG air but without yarn moving through the yarn channel. A device similar to Example 3 without dimples was also operated at 20 PSIG and without yarn. The insertion loss in dBA of the FIG. 4 device compared with the non-dimpled device was 14.

What is claimed is:

I. In a filament interlacing device comprising a body, a circular yarn channel extending through the body in a first plane, a circular fluid channel extending through a second plane of the body and intersecting the yarn channel, and means for supplying a fluid through said fluid channel .to said yarn channel, the improvement comprising: indentations in said yarn channel formed by the intersection of a right circular cylinder coaxial and of the same diameter of said fluid channel, and a third plane parallel and substantially coadjaeent the perimeter of said yarn channel diametric from said fluid channel.

2. The filament interlacing device of claim 1, wherein the circular cylinder includes at the intersection of said cylinder and said third plane a conical frustrum, the major diameter of said frustrum of the same diameter as said cylinder.

3. The filament interlacing device of claim 2, wherein the inclination of said conical frustrum is 30 to 60.

4. The filament interlacing device of claim 2, wherein the axial dimension of said frustrum is less than US the diameter of said circular cylinder.

5. The filament interlacing device of claim 1, including shroud means surrounding said body, said shroud means having yarn eyelets formed to align a yarn with said yarn channel, and fluid discharge means.

6. The filament interlacing device of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the length C of said yarn channel to the diameter A of s a i d fluid channel is 1/6 s A/Q s i 7. The filament interlacing device of claim 1 wherein said body is cylindrical and said first plane extends axially through the cylindrical body and wherein a resonance chamber is attached to each exit of the yarn channel, said resonance chambers having a ceramic yarn eyelet axially aligned with said yarn channel and at least one fluid exhaust port.

8. A filament interlacing device for splicing ends of yarn together, comprising a body, a fluid supply means, a yarn channel extending through said body in a first plane, a fluid channel in said body intersecting said from said notch. 

1. In a filament interlacing device comprising a body, a circular yarn channel extending through the body in a first plane, a circular fluid channel extending through a second plane of the body and intersecting the yarn channel, and means for supplying a fluid through said fluid channel to said yarn channel, the improvement comprising: indentations in said yarn channel formed by the intersection of a right circular cylinder coaxial and of the same diameter of said fluid channel, and a third plane parallel and substantially coadjacent the perimeter of said yarn channel diametric from said fluid channel.
 2. The filament interlacing device of claim 1, wherein the circular cylinder includes at the intersection of said cylinder and said third plane a conical frustrum, the major diameter of said frustrum of the same diameter as said cylinder.
 3. The filament interlacing device of claim 2, wherein the inclination of said conical frustrum is 30* to 60*.
 4. The filament interlacing device of claim 2, wherein the axial dimension of said frustrum is less than 1/5 the diameter of said circular cylinder.
 5. The filament interlacing device of claim 1, including shroud means surrounding said body, said shroud means having yarn eyelets formed to align a yarn with said yarn channel, and fluid discharge means.
 6. The filament interlacing device of claim 1, wherein the ratio of the length C of said yarn channel to the diameter A of said fluid channel is 1/6 < or = A/C < or = 3/4 .
 7. The filament interlacing device of claim 1 wherein said body is cylindrical and said first plane extends axially through the cylindrical body and wherein a resonance chamber is attached to each exit of the yarn channel, said resonance chambers having a ceramic yarn eyelet axially aligned with said yarn channel and at least one fluid exhaust port.
 8. A filament interlacing device for splicing ends of yarn together, comprising a body, a fluid supply means, a yarn channel extending through said body in a first plane, a fluid channel in said body intersecting said yarn channel and connecting said yarn channel to said fluid supply means, and said yarn channel having indentations formed by the intersection of a circular cylinder coaxial and of the same diameter as said fluid channel and a second plane parallel and substantially adjacent to the perimeter of said yarn channel diametric from said fluid channel, and a notch the length of said yarn channel extending to the outer surface of said body.
 9. The filament interlacing device of claim 8 further including hood means for restricting the escape of fluid from said notch. 